Governance, Privacy & Access

Classification, PII, minimization, retention, access control, masking and deletion — applied to datasets and pipelines rather than to endpoints.

Data Governance

Ownership, classification, access, retention and auditability as five mechanisms with enforcement points — not as a document in a wiki.

Q · For any table in the warehouse, can you answer who owns it, what class of data it holds, who may read it, how long it is allowed to exist, and who read it last week?
Data Classification

Public, internal, confidential, personal, highly sensitive — what the tiers mean, why the unit is the column, and why classification is worthless unless it propagates.

Q · What class of data does this column hold, who decided that, and does every column derived from it carry the same answer?
PII in Pipelines

Where personal data actually ends up in a data platform: raw landing zones, debug logs, error messages carrying rows, notebook extracts, training sets, and the temporary table nobody deleted.

Q · If a regulator asked you to list every place in your platform where this customer's email address exists, could you produce the list?
Data Minimization

Store only what is needed — against the equally correct rule that says keep everything because you cannot recreate it. Both are right, and the resolution is structural.

Q · Do we need to store this field at all, and how do we square that with the rule that says never throw away raw data?
Data Retention

How long should this dataset exist? A retention horizon is simultaneously a recovery window and a liability window, and the two want opposite numbers.

Q · How long should this dataset exist, and what stops working on the day it is deleted?
Data Access Control

Least privilege applied to five surfaces — warehouse, lake, catalog, pipelines and secrets — where the weakest one is the effective policy and the pipeline is the most over-privileged principal you have.

Q · Who can read this dataset, through every path that reaches its bytes, and how would you find out?
Row and Column Security

An analyst sees EU rows only; a column comes back masked. Where that policy is evaluated decides whether it is a control or a convention — and a row filter silently changes what an aggregate means.

Q · When two analysts run the same query and get different numbers because of a row filter, which one is wrong?
Data Masking, Tokenisation & Encryption

Four different techniques that people call masking. Which joins survive, who can reverse it, and why hashing a low-cardinality field is reversible by anyone with a loop.

Q · This column must not be readable, but analysis still needs it — which transformation do you apply, and who can undo it?
Deletion Requests

A person asks to be erased from a platform built on immutable files, replayable logs and forty copies — and the backfill you run next week can bring them back.

Q · A subject requests erasure. What actually has to happen, how do you prove it did, and what stops a replay from resurrecting them?